Types Of Glaucoma – Open Angle And Angle Closure

Introduction

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, most commonly due to increased pressure inside the eye. It is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early detection and timely treatment are essential to preserve vision. According to Dr. Vanuli Bajpai, understanding the different types of glaucoma and recognizing early warning signs can help patients seek appropriate care before permanent vision loss occurs.

There are two main types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Although both affect the optic nerve, they differ in their causes, symptoms, progression, and treatment methods. Accurate diagnosis is therefore crucial for effective management.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma develops when the normal drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye, becomes impaired. This leads to increased intraocular pressure, which gradually damages the optic nerve responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. Over time, untreated glaucoma results in progressive and irreversible loss of vision.

Glaucoma is often referred to as the silent thief of sight because early stages may not cause noticeable symptoms. Regular eye examinations are therefore especially important for individuals at higher risk.

Risk Factors For Glaucoma

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma, including:

• Age above 40 years
• Family history of glaucoma
• Elevated intraocular pressure
• Diabetes or hypertension
• Nearsightedness or farsightedness
• Previous eye injury or eye surgery
• Long-term use of corticosteroid medications

Dr. Vanuli Bajpai emphasizes that even individuals without symptoms should undergo routine eye check-ups, as early diagnosis can help preserve vision.

Open-Angle Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma. In this condition, the drainage angle between the iris and cornea remains open, but the trabecular meshwork gradually becomes less efficient at draining fluid. This leads to a slow and steady rise in intraocular pressure.

Damage to the optic nerve occurs gradually, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages.

Symptoms

• Gradual loss of peripheral vision
• Difficulty seeing in dim or low-light conditions
• Slow development of blind spots in the field of vision

Because symptoms progress slowly, many patients are unaware they have open-angle glaucoma until significant vision loss has already occurred. Regular eye examinations are the best way to detect this condition early.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma is less common but more severe and potentially sight-threatening. In this type, the drainage angle becomes suddenly blocked, preventing fluid from leaving the eye. This causes a rapid increase in intraocular pressure.

Symptoms

• Sudden severe eye pain
• Redness of the eye
• Blurred vision or sudden visual disturbances
• Headache, nausea, or vomiting
• Seeing halos around lights

Angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment is required to prevent permanent vision loss. Dr. Vanuli Bajpai advises seeking urgent care if sudden eye pain is accompanied by visual symptoms.

Diagnosis Of Glaucoma

Diagnosing glaucoma requires a comprehensive eye examination, which may include:

• Measurement of intraocular pressure
• Examination of the optic nerve
• Visual field testing to assess peripheral vision loss
• Imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography
• Gonioscopy to evaluate the drainage angle

Accurate diagnosis helps determine the type of glaucoma and guides the choice of treatment.

Treatment Options

The primary goal of glaucoma treatment is to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.

Medications

Prescription eye drops are commonly used to reduce eye pressure. Oral medications may be used in select cases.

Laser Treatment

• Laser trabeculoplasty is often used for open-angle glaucoma.
• Laser peripheral iridotomy is commonly performed for angle-closure glaucoma to improve fluid drainage.

Surgical Treatment

Surgical procedures may be recommended in advanced cases or when medications and laser treatments are insufficient.

Dr. Vanuli Bajpai stresses that consistent treatment and regular follow-up visits are essential to control glaucoma effectively.

Prevention And Monitoring

Although glaucoma cannot always be prevented, early detection and proper management can significantly reduce the risk of vision loss. Recommended measures include:

• Regular comprehensive eye examinations after the age of 40
• Monitoring eye pressure and optic nerve health
• Maintaining good control of blood pressure and blood sugar
• Avoiding unnecessary long-term steroid use
• Seeking prompt medical attention for eye injuries or sudden vision changes

Frequently Asked Questions

Can glaucoma cause blindness?

Yes. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent and irreversible blindness.

Is glaucoma hereditary?

A family history of glaucoma increases the risk, but not everyone with a family history will develop the condition.

Can glaucoma be cured?

There is no cure for glaucoma, but early treatment can control eye pressure and prevent vision loss.

How often should eye check-ups be done?

Adults over 40 or those at risk should have eye examinations every one to two years, or as advised by an ophthalmologist.

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that requires early diagnosis and long-term management to prevent permanent vision loss. Understanding the differences between open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma enables patients to recognize symptoms and seek timely care.

Dr. Vanuli Bajpai emphasizes that regular eye check-ups, awareness of risk factors, and adherence to treatment plans are key to protecting vision and maintaining lifelong eye health.

If you have symptoms of glaucoma or belong to a high-risk group, consult Dr. Vanuli Bajpai for a comprehensive eye evaluation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help preserve your vision and prevent irreversible damage.